Understanding consumer behaviour attitudes towards advertising

Understanding consumer behaviour attitudes towards publiciseTotal 2010 UK ad expenditure amounted to 14.5 billion. Of this, more than 80 per centime was spent on display advertising in the press, broadcast, print and prohibiteddoor media. (Source The Advertising Association) Under the current circumstances, advertising playacts one of the major sectors in the frugality with millions of workers worldwide. The efficiency of functioning of the economy in general, to a get byable degree, depends on that sector. Advertising accompanies competition between companies and is an essential attribute of the market economy.1.2 BackgroundCompanies necessity to understand consumer behaviour in order to come upon the best way on how to shift demand of products in their favour. When companies ar able to disc everyplace the reasons wherefore consumers make particular purchasing decisions, they can adapt their marketing efforts to cleanse suit the needs of the consumers. Understanding cons umer behaviour may result in increase sale and improved profit performance of the organization.Classical microeconomic theories of consumer behaviour ingest foc utilize on the principles of rational consumer behaviour, which suggests that consumers choice is primarily a social function of personal preferences, whereas utility theory of consumer behaviour maintains that consumer choices reflect their attempt to secure maximum usefulness from their financial resources. CitationWhile classical theories still leave in contemporary western societies, the role of bulk media, internet and various aspect of modern culture may have fundamentally changed many elements in the understanding of consumer behaviour. Also marketing opportunities available in the digital information age have altered the way how consumer choice is being shaped and used for profit.Advertising is perhaps the first thing that people think most when checking marketing. Companies must do more than make good products they must inform consumers nigh product benefits and c befully status products in consumers minds. To do this, they must skilfully use the mass-promotion tools of advertising.Advertising strategy consists of two major elements creating advertising messages and selecting advertising media. Media planners consider many factors when making their media choices. The media habits of target consumers will affect media choice advertisers require for media that reach target consumers effectively.Target audiences are set to focus on contrary groups adults, teens, pre-schoolers and other groups. It is essential to become familiar the target market, their habits, behaviours and attitude to advertising in general. It is known that student youth is less conservative in their views and decisions, canvass to others age and social groups.1.3 Research Aims and RationaleBased on the above information, the main aim of the inquiry is to investigate the extent to which the purchasing decisions o f students in the UK are influenced by the advertisement campaigns.During the preparation of the current seek paper a questionnaire was carried out among Queen Marys students, which aimed to study their attitude to advertising. Survey sample covered opinions of 20 young people between the ages of 21-24, that is students in their last years of studies. The choice of the audience was non random.The survey had a probing character and could not represent the aggregate of the student youth population or even more general adult audience with statistical precision. However it brooks a clear delegacy of dominating tendencies in preferences and opinions of the chosen audience, which is the main aim of mass advertising.1.4 Outline of the ProjectChapter 2 Literature reviewAdvertising is an alpha means by which economic enterprises communicate with both their current and potential customers. It is often said that to be effective an advertisement must be read, understood, believed, remember ed and acted upon (Adcock, Halborg, Ross, 2001)There are louvre principal ways in which a follow can communicate with its marketsMedia advertising (commercial video recording and radio, the press, posters, cinema and direct mail/internet)Public relations activities marketingMerchandisingPackaging (Chisnal, 2001)These promotional activities are at the heart of effective marketing strategies. According to Adcock, Halborg, Ross, (2001) advertising strategy consists of two major elements creating advertising messages and selecting advertising media. The major steps in media selection are deciding on reach, frequency and impact choosing among major media types selecting specific media vehicles and deciding on media timing.The current research paper is concerned with determining an appropriate media type (medium) which better suits habits and preferences of the observed population.Media planners consider many factors when making their media choices. The media habits of target consumers will affect media choice advertisers look for media that reach target consumers effectively (Kotler, Armstrong, 1997). For example fashions are best advertised in colour magazines and daily newspapers are a first consideration in advertising real e defer. Different types of messages may require different media.Cost is another major factor in media choice. Whereas television is very expensive, for example, newspaper advertising costs much less. Setting the advertising budget is a complex task. Some critics charge that large consumer packaged-goods firms tend to spend too much on advertising, and industrial companies generally underspend on advertising. They claim that the large consumer companies use lots of image advertising without really knowing its effects. They overspend as a form of insurance against not spending enough. (Kotler, Armstrong, 1997)For a long time, television and magazines have dominated in the media mixes of advertisers with other media being neglected (Jobber, 1995). Recently, however, costs of these media have gone up and audiences have dropped. Advertisers are now increasingly turning to alternative media, such as outdoor advertising or internet. The question that concerns companies carcass the same how much advertising spending really has on consumer buying and branding royalty? In order to answer it media impact must be re-examined regularly.As summarized in the table the major media types are newspapers, television, radio, magazines, and outdoor. It is important to list advantages and limitations of mediums, as they will prove to be guidelines in the interpretation of the observed results. metierAdvantagesLimitationsNewspapersFlexibility timeliness good local market coverage high believabilityShort life small pass-long audienceTelevision effectual mass market coverage combines sight, sound, and motion saluteing to the sensesHigh absolute costs high clutter momentaneous exposureLess audience selectivityRadioGood local acceptance, high geographic and demographic selectivity low costAudio only, fleeting exposure low attention fragmented audiencesMagazinesHigh geographic and demographic selectivity credibility and prestige long life and good pass-along readershipLong ad purchase lead time high cost no guarantee of positionOutdoorFlexibility High repeat exposure low cost low message competition good positional selectivityLittle audience selectivity notional limitationsChapter 3 Research Method and Procedure3.1 IntroductionThis chapter reviews the research systems which were used in this childbed. It is necessary for a researcher to choose a suitable method for the problem. To get a full picture a blend of qualitative and quantative research analysis is recommended. This research will take the following procedure deposit the research objectives, develop research approach, analyse results and make a conclusion.3.2 Research Objectives.This research takes into consideration three main objectives. Firstly, to det ermine respondents attitudes to advertising in general. Secondly, to appoint students preferences among different types of media. The final objective of a survey is concerned with evaluating the influence of advertisement campaigns on the purchasing decisions of students in the UK.3.3 Research Approach and Instruments.There are several methods of collecting data for research. In the current paper the primary data was collected for the first time using questionnaires. This method has proved to be efficient way in getting both quantative and qualitative data.The questionnaire (Appendix 1) incorporated both main types of questions which are commonly used in surveys open-ended questions and unsympathetic questions. Open questions are interesting because of the spontaneity and individual flavour of the replies, but frequently it is difficult to compress free answers into limited number of codings. Findings in unopen questions provided the research with statistical evidence, whereas op en questions gave to the research depth and range of information.Interviewer was recording all answers verbatim because there is always a danger of interviewer bias done inaccurate recording.3.4 Reasons for specific questionsIn giving an answer to the question 1 What is your attitude to advertising in general? respondents had a considerable freedom in phrasing an answer, which may be lengthy and detailed, and in his or her own wrangling.In the question 3 respondents were able to choose from a range of viable answers. The simple follow up question invited to give a more detailed explanation on the subject.Questions 4 to 6 were closed type questions, which turn to strictly limited responses. The respondents were offered a choice of alternative replies from which he or she was expected to select an answer corresponding to his or her personal views on a particular subject. The research used simple alternative questions YES/NO.3.5 SummaryThe results of this process will appear in the next chapter.Chapter 4 Results4.1 IntroductionThe project sought to examine media popularity among students and find out to what extent advertising influences their purchasing decisions. To achieve the research projects aim and rationale, a questionnaire was utilized as stated in the previous chapter. The following section will present and analyse results of this survey.4.2 Findings. Part 1As shown in Diagram 1, the vast majority of respondents prefer television, whereas magazines took the spot place. The results indicate that the Internet is the third popular media, while newspaper and outdoor advertising share the fourth place. Percentages indicate the proportion of votes students gave to a specific media out of total votes. For instance out of total 37 only 1 vote was given to advertising on the radio.Popularity of television was not a wonder as it combines sight, sound and motion. It was described by respondents as the most effective and the best medium for advertising. It ad vantage lies in broad mass market coverage.Magazines appeal to students for its credibility and prestige long life and good pass-along readership. Students explained that it is good for fashion, and pictures of movie stars make it attracting.Outdoor media was described the most creative and eye catching. It is interesting to nib that on the contrary (Author) mentioned little creativity as a negative side of this type of media.Newspapers appeal for its timeliness and high believability. It is popular among those respondents who spend a lot of time travelling.Internet advertising is relatively new media type however number of its admirers grows. It can be explained with growing popularity of online shopping. Another advantage is that it has no time limitation and can be viewed day and night. However spam is often mentioned as its negative point.Radio came last, probably due to its disadvantages audio only, fleeting exposure and low attention. Not the least of the factors was that mos t of the students live in halls of residence, which lack radio equipment.4.2 Finding. Part 2Bar Chart 1 shows responses to questions. The public house chart clearly shows students opinions on specific subjects.Majority of students have confirmatory attitude to advertising and commonly cite its informative function, in other words in creates awareness. Some students bump into the artistic value in some commercials.Advertising creates awareness, so no wonder that majority prefers advertised product over unadvertised. However there is a strong opinion that quality products do not need advertising.There have been quite a few commercials that state that product of their company is better than competitors product. The results show that vast majority do not believe those commercials. It might be a good idea for companies not to employ such advertising strategies.Just more than a half of respondent believe that commercials help them to make a better purchase. Consumers are better off whe n exposed to some information about the product before buying it. However 45% prefer to do their own research about the product.Answers to the question 7 clearly show the power of advertising. 85% of students wanted to try something just because they saw its commercial. Most respondents were curious and wanted try it to see whether it was as good as commercial said it to be.It is important to note that 70% respondents sing songs from commercials. This may prove as an indicator for companies adding a slippery tune to a commercial can increase sales.Chapter 5 Conclusion5.1 IntroductionThis chapter will summarize findings of this research project, highlight some of the interesting findings, offer practical implications, cite limitations of this project and give suggestions for further research.Summary of Findings and Interesting FindingsThe purpose of the current study was to identify an advertising media with a largest exposure and find out the effect it has on its target audience. Results were analysed in the previous chapter. Practical implications of this research were also considered.Identifying and understanding target audience is important. The evidence from this study suggests that the television as an advertising medium appealed to the majority of respondents. Magazines and the Internet took the second and the third place respectively. It may help companies to better allocate their advertising space. Students have positive attitude towards advertising in general because it carries an informative function and creates awareness.The results indicate that majority of students prefer advertised products over unadvertised products and believe that commercials help them to make a better purchase. Vast majority wanted to try something just because they saw it in a commercial.Some interesting results were found. An advertising strategy when a company positions their products superior to competitors products proved ineffective as only few students trusted such c ommercials. Another implication possibility from this study is that commercials with songs appeal to consumers. Companies may consider using this strategy to their advantage.Limitations of the ResearchThe current study was limited for the size of the sample and imbalance concerning the students country of origin. Because all of the respondents who responded within this project were international students, the findings do not necessarily reflect the habits and opinions of all students. This is important since an advertising usually targets the values of the western societies and different cultures may have different attitudes towards advertising. Therefore, it would be important to conduct further research in this area of media influence and involve more respondents from western-culture countries.Recommendations for further studiesThis research has raised many questions in need of investigation. The intentional questions were not perfect so some other aspects may be needed to invest igate what contributes to making a purchase decision. Some factors examined in this research influence consumers but not necessarily mean that they will make an actual purchase. For example, further research may investigate what advertising strategies such as verbal or visual elements appeal to consumers.EndnoteThis project has been concerned with advertisings influence on students purchasing decisions and the research indicates that choosing the correct advertising strategy is a crucial element in an effective marketing strategy.

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs To Drive Growth

Empowering Women enterprisers To Drive GrowthThe term entrepreneur c all everywheres undivideds who select stack and skill and be capable of converting vision in to action for the good of the society. Due to changes in demand in the Market, in that location is a scope for a class of people on large-scale who open fire convert the available resources into good of society, called entrepreneurs.So, a somebody who possess skill, initiative and innovative ideas for high achievements in crease, and important qualities of an Entrepreneurship is taking the risk and making the undeniable investments under the conditions of un plasteredty. Entrepreneurship is a process of understanding opportunities in the environment, with respect to angiotensin converting enzymes let abilities, with a view to create wealth for oneself through a legal entity. A close relationship exists amid opportunity and individual fatalitys. To be an Entrepreneurial opportunity, a prospect must bring two tests it must represent a desirable future state, involving growth or at least change and the individual must believe it is possible to reach that state. So, Entrepreneurship is understood by, being innovative, risk taking, dynamic, flexible, growth-oriented, creative, starting and op termting new ventures.Now is the season for Women to venture into the Entrepreneurial world. Women possess phone linees argon highly increasing in the economies of almost all countries. The hidden entrepreneurial potentials of women flow gradually been changing with the growing sensitivity to the authority and scotch locating in the society. Skill, Knowledge and adaptability in byplay be the main reasons for women to emerge into course ventures. Women Entrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging bureau to meet her in-person needs and become economicalally independent. A strong desire to do something positive is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing determine in both family and social life. With the advent of media, women atomic number 18 aw be of their own traits, indulged in incessantlyy(prenominal) line of business from pappad to power cables. The challenges and opportunities provided to the women atomic number 18 women of digital date argon growing rapidly that the job seekers are turning into job creators. They are flourishing as designers, interior decorators, exporters, publishers, garment manufacturers and still exploring new avenues of economic participation. In India although women constitute the majority of the total population, the entrepreneurial world is still a male henpecked one. Women in advanced nations are recognised and are more prominent in the business world. 2010 was the prototypic time ever thither were more women in the work force than men. In terms of women-owned businesses, between 1997 and 2011 there was a 50% increase, while male owned business only grew 25% (According to Ameri enkindle Ex press Report).Why Women draw and quarter excellent Entrepreneurs in the Digital Age? How Women are dominating the entrepreneurs landscape and are using their skills to succeed. As times are tough for everyone, more families are moving towards dual-income households. similarly technology advancements are making a practical(prenominal) workplace attainable for women, who are looking to symmetricalness family and their career.In the digital landscape, women tend to possess certain skills that create a competitive advantage.Strong confabulation Skills Social Intelligence. equitable Listeners.Collaborative.Prefer Lower Risk.A dynamic Entrepreneurship sector is one of the various factors for prosperity of economy which is necessary to leverage the wealth and innovation capacity of the developed countries.This conceptual paper indicates and emphasizes the Women Entrepreneurs as the potentially emerging human resources in the twenty-first century to overcome the economic challenges i n global perspective.Key WordsEntrepreneur Individual holding vision for creating opportunity for economic growth.Challenges Impediments on the appearance towards achievement of final goal.Opportunities Chances for developing professionally or face-to-facely.MethodologyThis is a concept paper and the enquiryer has adopted the method of reviewing different re chase articles, research journals and case studies to collect data about entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurship which is consequently incorporated as a concept paper drafted by the researcher.*******INTRODUCTION TO ENTREPRENEUR/ENTREPRENEURSHIPEntrepreneurship is ofttimes associated with a person who starts his own, new and elflike business, like manufacturing, transport, trade and all other self-employed vocations in the service sector. But non every new small business is Entrepreneurial or represents Entrepreneurship.In the early 1th century, the Frenchmen, who organised and led military expeditions were offered to ad Entrepreneur. Around 1700 A.D. the term was used for architects and contractors of reality work. The term Entrepreneur was applied to business initially in the 18th century by the French Economist, Cantillon, who was designated as a dealer who purchases the means of production for combining them into vendable products. Another Frenchman, J.B. Say expanded Cantillons idea and conceptualized the Entrepreneur as a organizer of business firm, central to its distributive and productive functions.According to J.B Say, An Entrepreneur is the economic agent who unites all means of production, the labour force of the one and the capital or land of the others and who finds in the value of the produces which results from their enjoyment, the reconstitution of the entire capital that he utilizes and the value of wages the interest and the rent which he pays as well as profits belonging to himself. According to current thinking, Entrepreneurship is the ability of a person who detects and eval uates a new situation in his environment and directs the making of much(prenominal) adjustment in the economic system as he deems necessary. The term Entrepreneur covers individuals who have vision and skill and are capable of converting vision in to action for the good of the society. Due to changes in demand in the market there is a scope for a class of people on large-scale who can convert the available resources into good of society, called Entrepreneurs. During the above process, the Entrepreneur needs to use up several functions to succeed in his activities like, innovation, risk bearing, decision making, planning, controlling..etc. and should possess entrepreneurial skills like technical skills, managerial skills and personal skills.In India, the Entrepreneurial phylogenesis programmes are taking place to develop entrepreneurs, like, sharpening individual behaviour and traits, guidance on project planning and development of business opportunities that come in the way, and developing managerial and operational capabilities. These activities are very important in the economic growth of the country. Since, the small-scale Industries are rowing a major part of the economic growth of the country, the grandness of the Entrepreneur is exonerateing momentum and they are the need of the hour to have a rapid economic growth.Entrepreneurship is not just confined to any one sexuality now rather due to multi-faceted economic pressures women have turned up and realized that the survival of their families their own potential lies only in working place by side with men. Marlow, (2002). Education of woman have no doubt given them immense confidence encouragement to serve discover new business avenues. However the ground realities do differ to a with child(p) extent as far as geographical boundaries are concerned. Globally women are considered as weaker gender physically and emotionally, therefore prospects open for them to develop into business professionals is an area still quite unexplored and needs attention. Wennekers, (1999).Overcoming the challenges of business world are no doubt more treacherous for women than their male counterparts, therefore they undergo various impediments to achieve their business success. Allen and truman, (1993). Fortunately due to technological advancement means of communicating the world has turned into a global community which has created new channels opened up avenues for women to explore not only their potential aptitudes rather search for break out business opportunities. Carter, (2001).ENTREPRENUERSHIP FOR WOMENA question arises here that what Entrepreneurship means for a woman?How a women conceives the idea of Entrepreneurship?Definition An enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise to women. Women who think of a business enterprise, initiate it, organize and combine the factors of production, operate the enterprise and undertake risk and handle economic uncertainty involved in running a business enterprise.Why do Women Take-up Employment?Push FactorsDeath of bread winner Sudden fall in family incomePermanent inadequacy in income of the family rend FactorsWomens desire to evaluate their talentTo utilize their free time or educationNeed and perception of Womens Liberation, Equity etc.To gain recognition, importance and social status.To get economic independenceThird categoryIlliterate womenFinancially weekInvolved in family business such as Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry, Handloom, Power loom etc.INDIAN SCENARIO The Indian woman play very many another(prenominal) roles, pure, supreme or virtues to vice or downtrodden. Constantly, the role is withal undergoing several changes. While playing their role, Indian Women are confronted with contradictions. Because of these contradictions, they are unable to identify t hemselves with the society. The attitude, perceptions, roles..etc of Indian Women look like an assembly of diverse fragments. This bewilder situation of Indian women has made it very difficult to define their roles and they cannot identify their roles for themselves. Because of this plain truth assuming the role of entrepreneur and leadership for an Indian Women was a difficult task. But still times have changed. The present society is freeing the Indian Women from the chains and shackles of centuries.This is slow but definitely shift over is happening for the following reasonsThe concept of Globalization is accepted in a big way.The sudden emerging trend in information technology and its infiltration to every segment of life.Adoption of diversified culture in the Indian society due to globalization and other inherent ethos of Indian society.Unexpected happenings well-nigh the world and their impact on Indian society.Change in socio-cultural context due to increased education for w omen since independence.Change in political ideology and establishment of the country.But, In India, the role of Women Entrepreneur is no less significant. Nearly 9% of total Entrepreneurs in small industries are women entrepreneurs. State-wise distribution shows a wide variety between different states. Punjab accounts for 3%, Gujarat occupies the top position with 15%. The areas chosen by women are retail trade, restaurants, hotels, education, cultural, cleaning, insurance and manufacturing.GROWTH PATHWomen owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of almost all countries. The hidden entrepreneurial potentials of women have gradually been changing with the growing sensitivity to the role and economic status in the society. Skill, knowledge and adaptability in business are the main reasons for women to emerge into business ventures. Women Entrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. A strong des ire to do something positive is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing values in both family and social life. With the advent of media, women are aware of their own traits, rights and overly the work situations. The glass ceilings are shattered and women are found indulged in every line of business from pappad to power cables. The challenges and opportunities provided to the women of digital era are growing rapidly that the job seekers are turning into job creators. They are flourishing as designers, interior decorators, exporters, publishers, garment manufacturers and still exploring new avenues of economic participation. In India, although women constitute the majority of the total population, the entrepreneurial world is still a male dominated one. Women in advanced nations are recognized and are more prominent in the business world.In nineteen seventies, Women entrepreneurship began in is real sense. By this time, the first generation after Independence had completed their education. Educated women to fulfil their aspirations and ambitions began opting for self-employment. This was an active step not taken out of compulsions or religious servicelessness, but with zeal to get ahead a better life. In this decade, women were in transition period. They could not come out fully from traditional activities of looking after home, their in-laws, parents, husbands and children. A t the corresponding time they has to get into autonomous economic activities. This was a challenge.Eighties and Nineties saw a sea change in women entrepreneurship domain. These were the decades of the breakthrough for women to become entrepreneurs in many fields. They developed courage to make new beginnings. Parents also developed a new thinking. The traditional practice of making only progeny as a business partner in family owned businesses, (law of Inheritance supporting this), parents started their own consultancy houses, providing different t ypes of technical services. Parents started taking their female children as partners in their businesses. politics also supported this new thinking by making amendments to Succession Act.Legislations said that both male and female have equal rights in the genetic property. This coupled with professional education made young ladies to get into self employment. Many became partners in their family owned business. Good number of lady doctors opened their own clinics. Engineering graduated started their own consultancy houses, providing different types of technical services. They also got into service areas like CA, Advocates, Hospitality business and good number opened secretarial offices. Good percentage of women took to small business activities. Today we can see many women entrepreneurs in small business.In earlier Five year plans, women entrepreneurship concept was not significantly considered. Only in recent plans, particularly after Eight Five Year Plan, Women Empowerment conce pt came to lime light. From this plan onwards, women started working on new frontiers. The new generation of women did not think on the lines of their mothers. They stated developing independent activities. They had aspirations and ambitions. Taking to self-employment was not out of compulsion or helplessness. It became a desired choice of many ladies to design and develop their own enterprise.Women started thinking that self-employment as an integral aspect of their life. They started thinking on the lines selecting their own careers. Adopting own line of credit for income generation without deviating much from the social system is becoming a key factor in a womans life. Besides having home and children, women have started thinking to have an independent occupation. While accepting the traditional people behaviour, from older generation, women today expect understanding and support from their husbands and children to have their occupational choice. As entrepreneurs, women want the ir voice to be heard as leaders, as they are capable of contributing to the growth and success of their enterprise.But the Indian women entrepreneurs are cladding some major constraints like a) Lack of confidence In general, women lack confidence in their authorization and competence. The family members and the society are reluctant to stand beside their entrepreneurial growth. To a certain extent, this situation is changing among Indian women and yet to face a tremendous change to increase the rate of growth in entrepreneurship.b) Socio-cultural barriers Womens family and personal obligations are sometimes a great barrier for succeeding in business career. Only few women are able to manage both home and business efficiently, devoting enough time to perform all their responsibilities in priority.c) Market-oriented risks Stiff competition in the market and lack of mobility of women make the dependence of women entrepreneurs on jobber indispensable. Many business women find it diff icult to capture the market and make their products popular. They are not fully aware of the changing market conditions and hence can effectively utilize the services of media and internet. d) Motivational factors Self motivation can be realized through a mind enured for a productive business, attitude to take up risk and behaviour towards the business society by shouldering the social responsibilities. Other factors are family support, Government policies, financial assistance from public and private institutions and also the environment suitable for women to establish business units. e) Knowledge in line Administration Women must be educated and trained forever and a day to acquire the skills and knowledge in all the functional areas of business management. This can facilitate women to excel in decision making process and develop a good business network. f) Awareness about the financial assistance Various institutions in the financial sector extend their maximum support in the form of incentives, loans, schemes etc. Even then every woman entrepreneur may not be aware of all the assistance provided by the institutions. So the solemn efforts taken towards women entrepreneurs may not reach the entrepreneurs in rural and plunk forward areas.g) Exposed to the training programs Training programs and workshops for every type of entrepreneur is available through the social and welfare associations, based on duration, skill and the purpose of the training program. Such programs are really useful to new, rural and young entrepreneurs who want to set up a small and medium scale unit on their own.h) Identifying the available resources Women are hesitant to find out the access to cater their needs in the financial and marketing areas. In spite of the mushrooming growth of associations, institutions, and the schemes from the government side, women are not enterprising and dynamic to optimize the resources in the form of reserves, assets earth or business volunteers . Highly educated, technically sound and professionally qualified women should be encouraged for managing their own business, rather than dependent on wage employment outlets. The unexplored talents of young women can be identified, trained and used for various types of industries to increase the productivity in the industrial sector. A desirable environment is necessary for every woman to inculcate entrepreneurial values and involve greatly in business dealings.The additional business opportunities that are recently approaching for women entrepreneurs are Eco-friendly technology Bio-technology IT enabled enterprises Event Management Tourism industry Tele communion Plastic materials Vermin-culture Mineral water Sericulture Floriculture Herbal health care Food, fruits vegetable impactEmpowering women entrepreneurs is essential for achieving the goals of sustainable development and the bottlenecks hindering their growth must be eradicated to entitle full participation in the busine ss. Apart from training programs, Newsletters, mentoring, trade fairs and exhibitions also can be a source for entrepreneurial development. As a result, the desired outcomes of the business are quickly achieved and more of remunerative business opportunities are found. Henceforth, promoting entrepreneurship among women is certainly a short-cut to rapid economic growth and development. Let us try to eliminate all forms of gender discrimination and thus allow women to be an entrepreneur at par with men.Women Entrepreneurs in the Digital AgeWhy Women Make Excellent Entrepreneurs in the Digital Age2010 was the first time ever there were more women in the work force than men. In terms of women-owned businesses, between 1997 and 2011 there was a 50% increase, while male-owned business only grew by 25% ( American Express report). Women are dominating the entrepreneur landscape and are using their skills to succeed.HOW.WHY ?As times are tough for everyone, more families are moving towards d ual-income households.(as briefed above with push and pull factors)Also, technology advancements are making a virtual workplace attainable for women, who are looking to balance family and their career. By creating a more mobile environment, flexibility is achievable .Womens Competitive EdgeIn the digital landscape, there is a stronger growth in women entrepreneurs than men, they could use these skills, many naturally possess, to achieve success.The studies conducted by many scholars with reference to Women competitive edge, believes women tend to possess certain skills that create a competitive advantage like,Strong Communication Skills Social IntelligenceGood ListenersAmbitiousEnthusiasticPatienceDetermination to ExcelCollaborativePrefer Lower RiskDo womens strong communication and social skills make them more equipped to thrive in our post-industrial digital age? In short, do women have specific skills whether the result of biology or social conditioning that can help them succ eed as entrepreneurs?The review of literature reveals, helping entrepreneurs and small business owners launch their brands, It is strongly believed there are several traditionally feminine leadership qualities that are more significant now than ever.5 reasons why women make great entrepreneurs in the digital eraIs todays business environment more aim for female entrepreneurs?Take a look at the points below and let us know whether you think theyre accepted or not.1. Women possess strong communication skills and social intelligence. The digital economy requires these skills, and women enjoy a slight edge over their male counterparts (according to numerous studies).2. Women make good listeners. Whether due to biology or cultural conditioning, women tend to be better listeners and are stronger at drawing people into conversation. This translates to several advantages for the entrepreneur, who can better attune herself to customer needs and build more effective teams of employees, cont ractors and partners. In fact, many women entrepreneurs often describe building their business as building a team.3. Women collaborate. Women have worked well together since the earliest female enterprises, whether dividing grains in the village or working in quilting bees. Even some of todays cultural stereotypes have legs, for instance, womens joint trips to the restroomA 2009 Time magazine article by Claire Shipman and Katty Kay says, Women are consensus builders, conciliators and collaborators, and they employ what is called a transformational leadership style heavily engaged, motivational, extremely well desirable for the emerging, less hierarchical workplace. The article, entitled Women Will Rule Business, cited projections from the Chartered Management Institute in the UK. Looking ahead to 2018, CMI believes the work world will be more fluid and virtual, and the demand for female management skills will be stronger than ever.4.Women prefer lower risk. Researchers have begun focusing on the relationship between testosterone and luxuriant risk, thus evaluating whether groups of men spur each other toward reckless decisions. Whether testosterone influences decision-making or not, research shows that, as a whole, women prefer lower risk opportunities and are automatic to settle for lower returns.Virtual workplaces and digitally mobile lifestyles give aspiring women entrepreneurs the flexibility to achieve the balance between work and family. Digital tools mean that women can now build a business from home and create unique work schedules.Risk aversion may go hand-in-hand with motivations for starting a business. A 2007 study from the Small Business Administration (Are Male and Female Entrepreneurs Really That Different?) observes the differences between male and female entrepreneurs in the U.S. The results found that male owners are more likely to start a business to make money, and have higher expectations for their business. Women are more likely to pr ioritize that business and personal lives work in harmony.The digital age offers a wealth of low-risk opportunities. Ventures like blogging, web-based services, e-commerce and software development require smaller upstart costs than manufacturing-based, brick and mortar type businesses. Cloud-based tools and virtual workforces further lower the cost of entry, making the idea of starting a business more feasible and/or palatable for risk-averse entrepreneurs.But a strength can also be a weakness. Yes, the tendency to minimize risk can lead to higher success rates for female entrepreneurs. However, risk-phobia can also mean women are more likely to limit the size of their businesses, and less likely pursue outside funding from investors to fuel growth. On an average, men-owned firms are large than women-owned firms. Its up to each individual business owner to define the goals of his or her business. If a woman chooses to pursue a smaller business venture that lets her balance her busi ness and personal life in more harmony, more power to her. For now, I think we should celebrate the growth in women entrepreneurs, but also ask if woman-owned high growth startups are an under-utilized resource in our economy. Its time we made space for the underdog if that term even applies anymore.What do you want to say?Click here to cancel reply. Next generation of female entrepreneurs at heart of businessThe next generation of entrepreneurs bucking the economic trend by putting values back at the heart of business. And women are giving men a run for their money. The successful female social entrepreneurs as role models for women in business and aspiring female entrepreneurs. Unlike the private sector, women who set up and run a business with a social or community purpose are as widespread as their male counterparts.At the risk of generalizing, women have a real advantage in leadership that might be a great advantage in the business world. They can act and lead while staying t uned into their colleagues. Being confident enough to use that is crucial. Women leaders shouldnt try to be one of the guys. They can use their natural gifts to their advantage.Sam Baumber, Business Development Manager at the Social Enterprise Academy says that female social entrepreneurs are the role models for business leaders in the current economic climate.Women who are star(p) successful social enterprises are role models for women thinking about setting up their own business. In the current climate social enterprise is thriving and these inspiring women prove that values of team work and emotional intelligence that women often bring as leaders can help build successful and resilient businesses.Many of our graduates who started with an idea and burning passion and have developed into leading female social entrepreneurs in India and we hope their success stories will help others with an idea to make it happen. Fewer matches Fewer matches Fewer matches Fewer matchesWomen in Busi ness Challenge 2013Empowering Women Entrepreneurs to Drive Growth-some success stories1st Successful Women Entrepreneur Priyanka Malhotra.Priyanka Malhotra is successful women entrepreneur in India. She is operating the business of book publishing and also devotes her time in cafe business. She did graduated in printing and publishing from London college of publishing. She also holda the degree of M.Sc in media and communication field. After this, she came to India and became successful business women in Delhi. Priyanka thinks differently about the idea of scaling her businesses.2nd Successful Women Entrepreneur- Bhawana Kakkar Bhawana Kakkar is young graduate women in painting and arts. She did also postgraduate in Art memorial from Baroda University. She has huge experience in fashion designing in India and she opened Art gallery. She is also publishing magazine named Take-Simple Black.3rd Successful Women Entrepreneur Manju Bharatram Mr. Manju Bharatram was a simple child for w hom school wasnt happy experience. Just like many other. And the day she saw her own children feeling the same as well, she became a social entrepreneur.4th Successful Women Entrepreneur Rajashree Birla Rajashree Birla is a successful women entrepreneur and chairperson of Aditya Birla Centre for Community and rural development. Her focus is on the all-round development of the communities around our plants located mostly in distanct rural and tribal belts. All our group companies, Grasim, Hindalco, Aditya Birla NMuvo, Indo Gulf and Ultra Tech have Rural Development Cells which are the implementation bodies.5th Successful Women Entreprenuer-Shruti Shruti is a degree holder in Chemistry from University of Pennsylvania and she did worked with Merrill Lynch. She came back India after in USA and started her own hotel business and became a successful women entrepreneur in India. Fewer matches Fewer matches Fewer matches Fewer matchesConclusionEntrepreneurship is presently the most discuss ed and encouraged concept all over the world to overcome economic challenges. Women being the vital gender of the overall population have great capacity and potential to be the contributor in the overall economic development of any nation. Therefore, programs and policies need to be customized to not just encourage entrepreneurship as well as implement strategies which can help support entrepreneurial culture among youth. Media has the potential to play the most vital role in entrepreneurial development by creating and highlighting all such platforms which can bring out the creativity and innovation among the women and men to grow entrepreneurship culture in society. Developing countries are definitely in dire need to encourage women entrepreneurship as women workforce is promptly available to exploit the unexplored dimensions of business ventures. Developed nations should primarily focus on entrepreneurial educational programs in order to develop women entrepreneurs.

Whats Wrong With Cheating? Essay -- Cheating Essays

In a poll taken at Iowa State University, 53% of the upper-class students cheated on a test or plagiarized a paper while at Iowa State, 91% know someone who has, and 18% know someone who has been punished for cheating. (Bishop) What is driving this increase in academic dishonesty, and what be the effects of an academic c argonr that thrives on cheating? There are numerous reasons why people cheat, but, regardless of whether they get caught or not, there are negative consequences. The motives students have for cheating are varied. No matter what the individual reason for someone to be tempted to cheat, their motives can generally be categorized as either based on a fear of sorrow or pressure to perform. Whether the student simply forgot to study and still desires a good grade, is mysophobic that they arent intelligent enough to pass without cheating, or is too lazy to do the work required to succeed, the underlying cause is a fear of failure or from pressure to perform. Once the line is crossed, and temptations become actions, there are other factors that come into play. In our current society, strong ethics are not highly valued. There is a prevalent attitude that claims everybody is doing it, it doesnt hurt anybody, and this material isnt really important to me. These people dont get a profound and thorough understanding of how cheating will harm them. We are consumed with the concept of instant gratification. Our society is near-sighted. Technology makes cheating so informal and convenient, but we often cant perceive what the long term effects will be if that line between working for your grade and fetching the easy way out is crossed.Most people believe that the consequences of cheating are co... ..., fear of receiving a low grade, or pure laziness, the results of cheating are severe. Even though getting caught and corrected may seem like the most obvious consequence of cheating, it almost seems insignificant when compared to the a lternative. In reality, ramifications of getting outside with repeated cheating are even more daunting. Maybe if students understood all the implications of cheating then it would not be considered as an option. Works CitedWhats ravish with cheating? Professor Michael BishopChair of the Iowa State University Department of Philosophy and Religion http//dsa.csupomona.edu/judicialaffairs/whatswrong.aspWhat are the causes and effects of cheating on an exam? https//www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=14078Cause and Effect set about - Plagiarism and Cheatinghttp//answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080218113757AAxt2cx

Kristina Laycock ICT and My Everyday Life :: ICT Essays

This report is going to be based on the different technologies I useat home, at school, with friends and at work. I am going to evaluatethe extent of my needs for these technologies.Below is a list of the technologies I use at home, school and work hearthstoneSchoolWork meshingInternetTouch ScreenEmailMobile TelephoneMobile TelephoneSMS (Simple Message Service)Smart BoardsSMS (Simple Message Service)WAP (Wireless exertion Protocol)Lap topMobile TelephoneEmailDVDsSMS (Simple Message Service)TeletextPDAs (Personal Digital Assistants)The Internet I use the Internet to communicate with friends andfamily at home by find outing chat rooms on-line, it is very efficientand is cheaper than a phone call. I dont beneficial use the Internet forsocial reasons I use it for schoolwork and coursework. The Internethelps adults as well as children you cornerstone do research on right aboutanything by using search engines. I too use the Internet for revisionthere are many different sites you can visit that helps you with lastminute revision.Email emailing is another good focal point of communicating with people andhaving a laugh. I use my email account to inter-group communication teachers as well asfriends to get some revision work sent to me, when I am not at schoolor during the holidays. I also use it to get coursework marked, itsaves the waste of paper I just print off the finishing copyMobile telephones mobile telephones are a way of contacting familyand friends when you are out and about they are also great if youneed to contact someone in an emergency, i.e. emergency services.However, there are a fewer disadvantages with mobile telephones incertain areas (on top of hills, under bridges etc) you can loosereception on your mobile telephone, which means you are unable to mystifyor receive calls. Also you have to make sure the battery is charged,because if it is not your mobile will go dead and therefore you willbe unable to use it. I use my mobile constantly to mak e arrangementswith friends and to keep in touch with family I dont know what Iwould do without it. My mobile also comes in use when I am at work ona weekend I use it to contact my mum to tell her what time I needpicking up. I also use it to keep in contact with my boss so she cantell me if she wants me to work extra hours or if I dont need towork.SMS (Simple Messaging Service) SMS is a cost efficient service set upso the public can communicate with each other through text.

Othello: Themes Essay -- Othello essays

Othello Themes How many nationals course through the Shakespearean cataclysm Othello? Let us in this essay analyze the variety and depth of the themes in this gambol. Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeares Tragic Heroes indicates that hate is the theme on which this play opens It is then on a theme of hate that the play opens. It is a hate of continuing anger. It is a hate that is bound up with envy. Othello has preferred to be his lieutenant a military theorist, one Michael Cassio, over the experienced soldier Iago, to whom has fallen kind of the post of his Moorships ancient. Roderigo questions Iago Thou toldst me thou didst take on him in thy hate. And the reply is a torrent of proof of the hatred for Othello that has almost exceeded the envy of Cassio because he possesses the prize which Iago has sought to obtain for himself. (153) Is hatred the only theme in the work? Hardly. Campbell categorizes Othello as a take away in jealousy Othello has suffered less in its moder n interpretation than any other of Shakespeares tragedies, it would seem. So insistently did Shakespeare keep this tragedy unified about the theme of jealousy and the central victims of the passion, so obviously did he mould his plot about the minatory Moor and the cunning Iago and the victims of their jealousy that no interpreter has been able to ignore the obvious object of the author. Yet if we study the contemporary interpretations of the passion here portrayed, we fetch that Shakespeare was following in detail a broader and more significant analysis of the passion than has in modern days been understood. The play is, however, clearly a study in jealousy and in jealousy as it affects those of ... ...are Four Tragedies. New York Bantam Books, 1980. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes. New York Barnes and dreadful, Inc., 1970. Ferguson, Francis. Two Worldviews Echo Each Other. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p. n.p., 1970. Gardner, Helen. Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The Noble Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare The Tragedies. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1985. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Othello Themes Essay -- Othello essaysOthello Themes How many themes course through the Shakespearean tragedy Othello? Let us in this essay analyze the variety and depth of the themes in this play. Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeares Tragic Heroes indicates that hate is the theme on which this play opens It is then on a theme of hate that the play opens. It is a hate of inveterate anger. It is a hate that is bound up with envy. Othello has preferred to be his lieutenant a military theorist, one Michael Cassio, over the experienced soldier Iago, to whom has fallen instead the post of his Moorships ancient. Roderigo questions Iago Thou toldst me thou didst hold him in thy hate. And the reply is a torrent of proof of the hatred for Othello that has almost exceeded the envy of Cassio because he possesses the prize which Iago has sought to obtain for himself. (153) Is hatred the only theme in the work? Hardly. Campbell categorizes Othello as a study in jealousy Othello has suffered less in its modern interpretation than any other of Shakespeares tragedies, it would seem. So insistently did Shakespeare keep this tragedy unified about the theme of jealousy and the central victims of the passion, so obviously did he mould his plot about the black Moor and the cunning Iago and the victims of their jealousy that no interpreter has been able to ignore the obvious intention of the author. Yet if we study the contemporary interpretati ons of the passion here portrayed, we find that Shakespeare was following in detail a broader and more significant analysis of the passion than has in modern days been understood. The play is, however, clearly a study in jealousy and in jealousy as it affects those of ... ...are Four Tragedies. New York Bantam Books, 1980. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes. New York Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Ferguson, Francis. Two Worldviews Echo Each Other. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p. n.p., 1970. Gardner, Helen. Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The Noble Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare The Tragedies. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1985. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996 . http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

THE LEGACY OF A KING :: essays research papers

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., brother to morality and father to reform, was a man of remarkable courage whose belief in nonviolence never stammered. stand up before the Lincoln Memorial on August 28th, 1963, King stated, So I say to you my friends, that even though we essential face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream that one day this nation will bone up and live out the true meaning of its creed-we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all in all men are created equal. (Siebold 212)These inspiring words are the basis for which all of society needs contemplate in order to achieve racial fellowship, civil rights, and civil liberties. Maybe then, people of different ethnicity, not only inhabiting the comparable area, but all around the world, can coincide with one another without dispute. National equality cannot rest solely on the advocacy of one man, it must involve citizen participation and governm ental action. Such engagements are effecting present-day issues such as voter manipulation tactics, the policies of a new attorney general, and Native American Housing.One issue Civil rights and voting rights advocates are currently addressing is the concern of voter suppression and intimidation. These manipulations, specifically aimed at minority and disabled voters, include requiring appointment at polling stations supplying wrong polling information to potential voters and initiating background checks on newly-registered voters. Latinos nationwide are being told to provide verification that they are U.S. citizens, solely because they are Latinos. A person with a mental disability may not vote in Ohio, if a try on rules him/her incompetent. The voting rights advocates call upon the Republican National Committee to put an end to these tactics or to investigate them further so that a change may occur in the near future.Another concern of Civil rights advocates was initiated when President Bush replaced attorney general John Ashcroft, who resigned Nov. 2004, with Roberto R. Gonzales. Wade Henderson, executive director of the leaders Conference on Civil Rights stated, In a country as diverse as ours, this appointment acknowledges the importance of both substance and symbolism in the selection of our nations highest offices. Civil rights groups want a close examination of Gonzales formulation of administration policies performed by Henderson and other necessary persons. Gonzales role in such policies could countermine the system of checks and balances, therefore, creating a stagger in power among the branches of government the unbalanced power among the branches may cause tyranny in any one branch.

Free Essays: Language in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? :: Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been

When a person is put in an incredibly unworthy situation where the outcome is unpredictable many physical and emotional changes take place. Joyce Carol Oatess story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? places Connie, a typical teenager, in this situation. Throughout the story, occasion eachy using religious undertones, Connies lecture of a typical teenager gradually changes, from calm and somewhat curious to nervous and terrified. primaeval in the story on a Sunday morning, Connies family leaves to go to a family barbeque down the street. Connie is left by herself and chooses to wash her hair or else of going to church. When she hears a car driving up to her house, her heart starts pounding, she pulls at her hair and says, Christ. Christ., not in reference to the Lord or religion in general but because she is worried about how bad she looks. This gives and indication of how the author interprets religion in the story, not important and not serious. As the story progresses, C onnies language takes an obvious turn. When Arnold Friend, someone she has seen but never talked to, shows up on her doorstep, she is somewhat defensive, but curious. I aint late, am I? is the eldest thing he says to her when she opens the screen door. Connie replies by saying, Who the hell do you think you are?, a typical response of someone in that situation. If a bring to pass stranger showed up at my house and talked to me as though we were best friends I would respond the same way. Throughout the story Oates continues to use vulgar language to illustrate the story and show how much Arnold Friend sack outs about Connie. The more Arnold talks, the more he reveals about his knowledge of Connie and the things and people around her. Soon, Arnold starts naming dark all of Connies friends, assuring her, I know everybody. Arnold also knows things about her that he would know only if he was with her all the time, I... found out all about you like I know your parents and sister are gone somewheres and I know where and how long theyre going to be gone, and I know who you were with last night... Connies fear of the situation sends waves of dizziness through her body, makes her hands shake, and causes Her heart to be too big now for her chest and its pumping made sweat run away out all over her.